# 前言
审题是关键环节，是作文成败的基础；简单来说，成功的审题就是要读懂题目，把握题目的核心话题。
# 审题的五个基本步骤
- 把握题目讨论的核心话题
- 思考题目本身的约束条件
- 明确问题的两个是非方面
- 思考两个方面各自的理由
- 确定总观点以及拓展方式
# 核心话题及约束条件
Some people think that the government should establish free libraries in each town. Other believe that it is a waste of money since people can access the Internet at home to obtain information. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
核心话题：政府该不该投资建立公共图书馆
- 正方观点 —— 建立
- 反方观点 —— 不建立
由于题目中对反方观点本身加入了一定的约束条件：since people can access the Internet at home to obtain information
约束条件：the Internet -> obtain information -> replace the library
所以在谈论反方观点，即政府不应该建立图书馆时，需要结合互联网的影响来说
The best way for society to prepare for the future is to invest more resources in its young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
核心话题：社会应不应该在年轻人身上投资资源
约束条件：society -> prepare for the future
文章中所有关于投资年轻人的好处，最终要落实到对社会的回馈上，才算切合题意。如果单纯讨论投资对年轻人本身有好处，并没有兼顾题目所有要求，则很容易判为离题。
对于核心话题本身的讨论很简单，但是需要大家在审完核心话题后，一定要看题目是否涉及到核心条件，如果涉及到，则要将两者综合到一起来参考，才能把握题目本身的立意和基本要求。
# 区别问题的两个观点
常见的两个观点类型有：
- Agree or Disagree 赞同或反对
- Discuss Both Views 讨论两种观点：这两种观点可能是对立的，比如出国好 vs 出国不好；也有可能是互补的，比如：对于贫困国家，援助钱好还是援助物资好。
- Benefits vs Drawbacks 优点和缺点对比
# 对区分好的观点进行分论点支持
提供 2 ~ 3 个直接支持一方观点的理由
整理雅思真题题库，可以在考场上节约思考的时间
# 对分论点进行拓展
针对分论点进行深入分析
对论点深入分析常见方法有：举例、否定假设、因果分析、分类讨论等
# 实例应用
按照五个基本步骤分析下面两个例子
Some people believe famous people's support towards international aid organizations draws the attention to problems, while others think celebrities make the problems less important. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (V20150321)
核心话题：Famous prople 名人，名人的影响力
约束条件：support international aid organizations 针对国际援助机构的支持
双方观点：
- Draw the attention to problems
- Make the problems less important
分论点支持：
第一种观点 Draw the attention to problems 可以从注意力的来源分类论述
The general public 来自大众的注意力
Campaigns of international organizations launched by famous people could cause widespread concern from ordinary citizens.
The public media 来自媒体的注意力
The support from the influential figure could generate media awareness, thereby further drawing the attention of third-party organizations.
进行分类描述的时候要注意，两个角度不要有重合。
第二种观点 Make the problems less important 可以从名人参与的目的和影响力两个角度论述
Purposeful 只想借机作秀
Some celebrities just advocate for themselves by taking advantage of the organization.
Limited assistance 影响力有限
The assistance from stars is anyhow limited, thus playing a tiny role in resolving some international problems.
分论点拓展：
如果时间允许，可以对分论点进一步进行简单的举例。例如：
针对 The general public 来自大众的注意力
Campaigns of international organizations launched by famous people could cause widespread concern from ordinary citizens.
可以举冰桶挑战的例子，各国明星通过参加冰桶挑战，唤醒民众对 “渐冻人” 的关注。
Ice Bucket Challenge - promote awareness of the disease ALS (肌萎缩性脊髓侧索硬化)
针对 Purposeful 只想借机作秀
Some celebrities just advocate for themselves by taking advantage of the organization.
可以通过分析一下因果关系进行拓展。因为明星通过国际事件炒作自己，可能会引起人们的反感，导致宣传的效果下降。
针对 Limited assistance 影响力有限
The assistance from stars is anyhow limited, thus playing a tiny role in resolving some international problems.
可以用举例子的方法深入论述。对于某些国际性的问题，名人的贡献非常低。如疟疾、贫困、文盲、人口老龄化之类的问题，仅靠名人是无法解决这些社会问题的。
Some students take one year off between finishing school and going to university, in order to travel or to work. Do you think advantages outweigh disadvantages? (V20150228)
这道题讨论的是 Gap Year 间隔年的问题
Benefits 优点有：
- Broader view of life 开阔眼界
- Better personal resources to draw on 丰富人脉
- More independent 提高独立性
Drawbacks 缺点有：
- End up never returning to their studies 玩野了不想上学
- Danger 存在一定的危险性
根据以上论点，还可以进行深入拓展。请同学们按照审题的五个基本步骤，尝试完整审题和思路拓展
# 审题环节中常见问题总结
# 生词问题
最根本的解决办法还是多记单词！
非核心词汇（不影响题目本身的理解）
处理方式：通过上下文猜测
例如：
Popular events like the football World Cup and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tensions and <u>releasing patriotic emotions</u> in a safe way.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
可以通过表示并列关系的 And 和前面的 easing international tensions 猜测该词组的意思
核心词汇
处理方式：按照自己的理解进行合理推测并坚定不移地写下去，保证文章框架完整。可以通过多背单词避免这种情况的发生。
例如：
Recently, the incidence of <u>juvenile delinquency</u> is increasing in many countries. What are the reasons for this problem? What do you think the government should do to solve this problem?
Without <u>capital punishment</u> our lives are less secure and crimes of violence increase. Capital punishment is essential to control violence in society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
<u>Boarding schools</u> are becoming more and more popular. What are the reasons? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
你知道上述 3 个例子的核心词汇是什么意思吗？请查一查
# 原因 + 解决方案类题目的问题
对于所有原因 + 解决方案类的题目来说，在布局谋篇中，原因比解决方案更重要。而且解决方案要配合着原因来写。
例如：
Today the quality of life in large cities is decreasing. What are the causes and solutions?
# 观点 + 现象类题目的问题
题目在给出观点之前会给出一句话的现象引入，我们在写作时应该紧紧围绕观点本身来写。写作中应该讨论的是观点，而不要质疑现象。
例如：
When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out. It is pointless to try and keep them alive.
To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
现象：When a country develops its technology, the traditional skills and ways of life die out.
观点：It is pointless to try and keep them alive.
# 观点 + 原因类题目的问题
很多话题都是原因和观点同时出现的，写作时讨论的核心概念一定是观点，而原因最好作为观点的约束条件，来展开文章。
例如：
Some people believe that university students should pay all the cost of studies because university education only benefits the students themselves not society as a whole.
To what extent do you agree or disagree?
观点：university students should pay all the cost of studies.
原因：because university education only benefits the students themselves not society as a whole.
# 观点带有陷阱的问题
对于观点和现象可能重复的作文题目，选择否定的观点更容易开展文章的论述。
例如：
Boarding schools are becoming more and more popular. What are the reasons? Do you think it is a positive or negative development?
寄宿学校变得越来越流行的原因可能就是它的优点。所以这里如果选择肯定的观点来叙述，很有可能会和原因进行重复。所以对于这类问题，最好选择否定的观点。
再例如：
The best way for a country to prepare for the future is to invest more resources in its young people. How true do you think of it? What is the best way to invest resources?
如果赞同了第一个问题，那么则很难展开第二个问题。
